Biosafety classification is based on U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines, it is the responsibility of the customer to ensure that their facilities comply with biosafety regulations for their own country.
Disease
normal
Age
adult
Applications
This cell line can be used for the detection of verotoxin.
This cell line can be used for efficacy testing.
This cell line can be used to study malaria biology.
This cell line can be used for media testing.
This cell line can be used for mycoplasma testing.
This cell line is a suitable transfection host.
This cell line can be used for the detection of virus in ground beef.
Storage Conditions
liquid nitrogen vapor phase
Karyotype
This is a cell line with the hypodiploid chromosome count. The modal chromosome number was 58 occurring in 66% of cells. In most cells, over 50% of the chromosomes in each cell complement belonged to structurally altered marker chromosomes. Normal A3, A4, B4, and B5 were absent; B2, B3 and B7 were occasionally paired; and B9, C1 and C5 were mostly paired. The rate of cells with higher ploidies was 1.7%. Other chromosomes were mostly present in single copy.
Images
Derivation
The Vero cell line was initiated from the kidney of a normal adult African green monkey on March 27, 1962, by Y. Yasumura and Y. Kawakita at the Chiba University in Chiba, Japan.
The base medium for this cell line is ATCC-formulated Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium, Catalog No. 30-2003. To make the complete growth medium, add the following components to the base medium: fetal bovine serum to a final concentration of 10%.
Subculturing
Volumes are given for a 75 cm2 flask. Increase or decrease the amount of dissociation medium needed proportionally for culture vessels of other sizes. Corning® T-75 flasks (catalog #430641) are recommended for subculturing this product.
Remove and discard culture medium.
Briefly rinse the cell layer with 0.25% (w/v) Trypsin- 0.53 mM EDTA solution to remove all traces of serum that contains trypsin inhibitor.
Add 2.0 to 3.0 mL of Trypsin-EDTA solution to flask and observe cells under an inverted microscope until cell layer is dispersed (usually within 5 to 15 minutes).
Note: To avoid clumping do not agitate the cells by hitting or shaking the flask while waiting for the cells to detach.
Cells that are difficult to detach may be placed at 37°C to facilitate dispersal.
Add 6.0 to 8.0 mL of complete growth medium and aspirate cells by gently pipetting.
Add appropriate aliquots of the cell suspension to new culture vessels.
Incubate cultures at 37°C.
Subcultivation Ratio: A subcultivation ratio of 1:3 to 1:6 is recommended
Medium Renewal: 2 to 3 times per week
Cryopreservation
Freeze medium: Complete growth medium supplemented with 5% (v/v) DMSO
Storage temperature: liquid nitrogen vapor phase
Culture Conditions
Atmosphere: air, 95%; carbon dioxide (CO2), 5%
Temperature: 37°C
Name of Depositor
W Hann, JS Rhim
Deposited As
Cercopithecus aethiops
Passage History
The cell line was brought to the Laboratory of Tropical Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health in the 93rd passage from Chiba University by B. Simizu on June 15, 1964.
Year of Origin
March 27, 1962
References
British Pharmacopoeia Commission Tests for microbial contamination. London, UK:British Pharmacopoeia Commission;British Pharmacopoeia Appendix XVI B, 2003
Didier ES, et al. Characterization of Encephalitozoon (Septata) intestinailis isolates cultured from nasal mucosa and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of two AIDS patients. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 43: 34-43, 1996. PubMed: 8563708
American Public Health Association. Compendium of methods for the microbiological examination of foods. 3rd ed.Washington, DC: American Public Health Association; 1992.
Yasumura Y, Kawakita Y. Studies on SV40 in tissue culture - preliminary step for cancer research in vitro. Nihon Rinsho 21: 1201-1215, 1963.
Simizu B, et al. Characterization of the Tacaribe group of arboviruses. I. Propagation and plaque assay of Tacaribe virus in a line of African green monkey kidney cells (Vero). Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 125: 119-123, 1967. PubMed: 6027511
Rhim JS, Schell K. Cytopathic and plaque assay of rubella virus in a line of African green monkey kiency cells (Vero). Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 125: 602-606, 1967. PubMed: 4961492
Liebhaber H, et al. Replication of rubella virus in a continuous line of African green monkey kidney cells (Vero). Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 125: 636-643, 1967. PubMed: 4961494
Sasaki K, et al. Studies on measles virus. II. Propagation in two established simian renal cell lines and development of a plaque assay. Kitasato Arch. Exp. Med. 37: 27-42, 1964. PubMed: 5833688
Earley E, et al. A plaque neutralization method for arboviruses. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 125(3): 741-747, 1967. PubMed: 15938255
Rhim JS, et al. Temperature dependence of the synthesis of adenovirus tumor and viral antigens. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 127: 642-646, 1968. PubMed: 5689485
Rhim JS, Schell K. Cytopathic effects of the parainfluenza virus SV5 in Vero cells. Nature 216: 271-272, 1967. PubMed: 4293683
Ozawa Y. Studies on the replication of African horse-sickness virus in two different cell line cultures. Arch. Gesamte Virusforsch. 21: 155-169, 1967. PubMed: 4232530
Rhim JS, et al. Growth of Junin virus, the etiological agent of Argentinian hemorrhagic fever, in cell cultures. Arch. Gesamte Virusforsch. 21: 243-252, 1967. PubMed: 5591575
Huber M, et al. Tyrosine phosphorylation events during coxsackievirus B3 replication. J. Virol. 71: 595-600, 1997. PubMed: 8985388
Pugachev KV, et al. Improvement of the specific infectivity of the rubella virus (RUB) infectious clone: determinants of cytopathogenicity induced by RUB map to the nonstructural proteins. J. Virol. 71: 562-568, 1997. PubMed: 8985384
Mundt W, et al. Perfusion system and a method for the large scale production of virus or virus antigen. US Patent 5,719,051 dated Feb 17 1998
Nichol PF, et al. Herpes simplex virus gene expression in neurons: viral DNA synthesis is a critical regulatory event in the branch point between the lytic and latent pathways. J. Virol. 70: 5476-5486, 1996. PubMed: 8764059
Govorkova EA, et al. African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells provide an alternative host cell system for influenza A and B viruses. J. Virol. 70: 5519-5524, 1996. PubMed: 8764064
White LJ, et al. Attachment and entry of recombinant norwalk virus capsids to cultured human and animal cell lines. J. Virol. 70: 6589-6597, 1996. PubMed: 8794293
Martinez R, et al. Herpes simplex virus type 1 alkaline nuclease is required for efficient processing of viral DNA replication intermediates. J. Virol. 70: 2075-2085, 1996. PubMed: 8642627
Zeng L, et al. Identification of amino acids involved in a recognition by dengue virus NS3-specific, HLA-DR15-restricted cytotoxic CD4+ T-cell clones. J. Virol. 70: 3108-3117, 1996. PubMed: 8627790
Hill JM, et al. In vivo epinephrine reactivation of ocular herpes simplex virus type 1 in the rabbit is correlated to a 370-base-pair region located between the promoter and the 5' end of the 2.0-kilobase latency-associated transcript. J. Virol. 70: 7270-7274, 1996. PubMed: 8794381
Carter KL, et al. Characterization of the products of the UL43 gene of herpes simplex virus 1: potential implications for regulation of gene expression by antisense transcription. J. Virol. 70: 7663-7668, 1996. PubMed: 8892886
Malik AK, Weller SK. Use of transdominant mutants of the origin-binding protein (UL9) of herpes simplex virus type 1 to define functional domains. J. Virol. 70: 7859-7866, 1996. PubMed: 8892908
Chen Y, et al. Demonstration of binding of dengue virus envelope protein to target cells. J. Virol. 70: 8765-8772, 1996. PubMed: 8971005
Sandri-Goldin RM, Hibbard MK. The herpes simplex virus type 1 regulatory protein ICP27 coimmunoprecipitates with anti-sm antiserum, and the C terminus appears to be required for this interaction. J. Virol. 70: 108-118, 1996. PubMed: 8523514
Carter KL, Roizman B. The promoter and transcriptional unit of a novel herpes simplex virus 1 alpha gene are contained in, and encode a protein in frame with, the open reading frame of the alpha22 gene. J. Virol. 70: 172-178, 1996. PubMed: 8523523
Russell DW, Miller AD. Foamy virus vectors. J. Virol. 70: 217-222, 1996. PubMed: 8523528
Lukonis CJ, Weller SK. Characterization of nuclear structures in cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 in the absence of viral DNA replication. J. Virol. 70: 1751-1758, 1996. PubMed: 8627697
Lagunoff M, et al. Phenotypic properties of herpes simplex virus 1 containing a derepressed open reading frame P gene. J. Virol. 70: 1810-1817, 1996. PubMed: 8627705
Uprichard SL, Knipe DM. Herpes simplex ICP27 mutant viruses exhibit reduced expression of specific DNA replication genes. J. Virol. 70: 1969-1980, 1996. PubMed: 8627723
Leopardi R, Roizman B. The herpes simplex virus major regulatory protein ICP4 blocks apoptosis induced by the virus or by hyperthermia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 9583-9587, 1996. PubMed: 8790373
Pereira ME, et al. Invasive phenotype of Trypanosoma cruzi restricted to a population expressing trans-sialidase. Infect. Immun. 64: 3884-3892, 1996. PubMed: 8751943
AOAC International Virus in beef (ground), microbiological method. Gaithersburg, MD: AOAC International; AOAC "Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC International" 975.56.
Nucleofection technology from Lonza
Single-use syringes (sterile) for the injection of 100 units per millilitre insulin (U-100), Appendix O. Sydney, NSW, Australia:Standards Australia;Standards Australia AS 1077-1992.
Single-use(sterile) infusion sets for general medical use. Appendix F, Method of test for cytotoxicity. Sydney, NSW, Australia:Standards Australia;Standards Australia AS 2385-1990.
Medical equipment--Single-use winged intravenous devices (sterile) for general medical use. Appendix J. Method of test for cytotoxicity. Sydney, NSW, Australia:Standards Australia;Standards Australia AS/NZS 2485:1995.
Medical devices--Polymer urethral catherters for general medical use. Appendix B. Method of testing catheters for cytotoxicity. Sydney, NSW, Australia:Standards Australia;Standards Australia AS/NZS 2696:1996.
General requirements for single-use, sterile, plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) packs for human blood. Part2: Multiple blood pack systems. Appendix Q. Method of test for Cytotoxicity. Sydney, NSW, Australia:Standards Australia;Standards Australia AS 3787.2-1997.
Testing of products for use in contact with drinking water. Sydney, NSW, Australia:Standards Australia;Standards Australia AS/NZS 4020:2002.
Biological evaluation of medical devices. Part 5: Tests for in vitro cytotoxicity. Sydney, NSW, Australia:Standards Australia;Standards Australia AS ISO 10993.5-2002.
Biological evaluation of medical devices--Part 5: Tests for in vitro cytotoxicity. Geneva (Switzerland):International Organization for Standardization/ANSI;ISO ISO 10993-5:1999.
Test for absence of mycoplasmas. London, UK:British Pharmacopoeia Commission;British Pharmacopoeia Appendix XVI (Vet) 3, 2003
Standard Practice for Indirect Detection of Mycoplasma in Cell Culture by 4-6-Diamidino-2-2 Phenylindole (DAPI) Staining. West Conshohocken, PA:ASTM International;ASTM Standard Test Method E 1533-00 (Reapproved 2006).
Standard Test Method for Determining the Virus-Eliminating Effectiveness of Liquid Hygienic Handwash and Handrub Agents Using the Fingerpads of Adult Volunteers. West Conshohocken, PA:ASTM International;ASTM Standard Test Method E 1838-02.
Standard Quantitative Disk Carrier Test Method for Determining the Bactericidal, Virucidal, Fungicidal, Mycobactericidal and Sporicidal Activities of Liquid Chemical Germicides. West Conshohocken, PA:ASTM International;ASTM Standard Test Method E 2197-02.